Structured Decision Structure And Transaction Processing...

Structured Decision Structure and The Transaction Processing System. Information systems are the software and hardware systems that support data-intensive application (2016). An Information system is an interconnected components working together to collect, process, store and distribute data and information to help in decision-making, organization, breakdown and conclusion in a company. Information systems is a broad system that doesn’t only rely on hardware and software but also man power and labor. Under Information systems there are decision structure and their information system. Unstructured, semi structured and structured are the 3 types of decision structures, and decision support system, management information system and transaction processing systems are the types of information system associated with the decision making. In this essay, I will be analyzing the structured decision structure and its transaction processing system. To begin let us look at some definitions of a structured decision system. According to Carlson, John R., Dawn S. Carlson, and Lori L. Wadsworth (1999), business analysts describe a structured decision as one in which all the three components of a decision thus the data, process, evaluation are determined. This definition of the structured decision system specify that, there are no shortcuts with this type of decision system. All data, processes and evaluation are all necessary in other to make a decision. Most companies after hiring newShow MoreRelatedImplementing A Big Data Database Platform817 Words   |  4 Pagesgenerated. A variety of analytics can be performed to reveal security insights from these larger data sets and will require more processing time - without impacting source systems. What is the current state that is being changed/replaced? Ability to acquire, manage and process high volume, high velocity, and/or high variety information assets also Enable enhanced decision making, insight discovery and process optimization. Need ability to ingest and store/archive wide variety of sources at centralizedRead More Organisations Essay example924 Words   |  4 Pagesconcepts of organisational structure as they appear on/affect ICT systems. What is an organisation? An organisation is a collection of human and non human resources that are brought together in order to fulfill a designated purpose. 1. Supermarket 2. School 3. Shop 4. Large commercial enterprise 5. Small informally structured non commercial group – green peace In some cases the structures are clearly defined and inflexible, in others the structure is less formally definedRead MoreINFS16021489 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Strategic Business Objectives Operational Excellence New products, services and business models Customer and Supplier Intimacy Improved Decision Making Competitive Advantage Survival Value Chain Model Primary Activities Inbound Logistics (warehousing systems) Operations (machining systems) Sales and Marketing (electronic ordering) Service (equipment maintenance) Outbound Logistics (automated shipment scheduling) Support Activities Admin/Management (messaging/scheduling) InfrastructureRead MoreBusiness Intelligence Is Becoming An Important Strategic Tool For Business Management922 Words   |  4 PagesIntelligence or BI is a computer-based system which is used by organizations for decision making purpose. 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Example of this decisions include such things as merger and acquisition decisions, plantRead MoreHow Do Bi Systems Differ From Transaction Processing Systems2222 Words   |  9 PagesContents What are BI Systems? 2 How do BI systems differ from transaction processing systems? 3 Differences between reporting and data mining applications 5 Difference between a data warehouse and a data mart 7 Differences between operational databases and dimensional databases 8 What is a star schema, a fact table, and a dimension table? 10 What is a RFM analysis? 12 What is OLAP? 13 What is the NoSQL movement? 13 What is structured storage and how are structured storage system organized? 14 Read MoreBsns106 Finance?1624 Words   |  7 Pagesthe steps presented in the slide From Problems to Decisions.... 4. What is information literacy and what are the desirable traits of an information literate †¨person? Lecture 4 1. What is the main advantage of using computer-based information systems over traditional manual information systems? 2. What is a transaction processing system used for within an organisation? 3. Why do we focus on transaction processing systems in BSNS 106? 4. Why are people consideredRead MoreSysyem3243 Words   |  13 PagesLovely Professional University, Punjab Course Code CSE312 Course Category Course Title SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Courses with conceptual focus Course Planner 14810::Jagwinder Kaur Lectures 3.0 Tutorials Practicals Credits 0.0 0.0 3.0 TextBooks Sr No T-1 Title Analysis and Design of Information Systems Reference Books Sr No R-1 Other Reading Sr No OR-1 OR-2 OR-3 OR-4 OR-5 OR-6 OR-7 OR-8 OR-9 OR-10 OR-11 OR-12 OR-13 OR-14 OR-15 OR-16 OR-17 Journals articles as Compulsary reading (specific articles

Ethical Dilemmas Of Police Schools - 1726 Words

Ethical Dilemmas of Police in Schools Mark A. Birmingham East Stroudsburg University APA 6th. Abstract This paper will discuss the various ethical dilemmas facing school resource officers (SRO). This will include problems with 4th amendment protections of students, interviews and interrogations of juveniles, as well as, privacy issues expected by students and faculty. Other issues to be will also address two sociological theories, the Self Efficacy and the Modeling theory. I will also discuss how school discipline is being reclassified in to criminal behavior resulting in many children being classified as criminals due to minor behavior problems. Finally this paper will discuss the SROs role, should it be public servant, or crime fighter. Ethical Dilemmas of Police in Schools The use of police in schools has been on the increase since the shootings at Columbine High school in 1999. However, over the last 10-12 years the increase is due mainly to available government funding. These â€Å"Special Police† are now called â€Å"School Resource Officers† (SROs). While the proponents of the SRO program believe that the presence of a Police officer represents all that is right and moral and what our children should aspire to be. The resulting observations and interactions with the SRO should result in future responsible citizens. (Modeling theory) Proponents also see the possibility of a child learning self-confidence and competence by watching and interacting with the police.Show MoreRelatedEthical Dillemmas in Crash Essay880 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Dilemmas in Crash Its the sense of touch. In any real city, you walk, you know? You brush past people, people bump into you. In L.A., nobody touches you. Were always behind this metal and glass. I think we miss that touch so much, that we crash into each other, just so we can feel something. The film Crash follows multiple stories interweaving all surrounding an initial car crash. 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In Scenario One an off-duty police officer is at a party at the house of an old high school friend when he enters the houseRead MoreQuestions On Ethical Dilemma Of Joe816 Words   |  4 PagesJoanne Caulfield SocW 582; Ethical Dilemma September 8, 2015 The central issue currently concerning Joe is him going to a music store after hours and stealing CDs to give away to friends. As Joe’s counselor, I am facing the dilemma of telling his parents and the local authorities about his stealing or protect his confidentiality by keeping this information to myself. Through the NASW Code Ethics, the ethical standards that presented are 1.01 Commitment to Clients and 1.07 Privacy and ConfidentialityRead MoreEthical Dilemmas Of A Nurse1376 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay I will look at the range of ethical dilemmas that a Nurse may encounter whilst working in a health and social care setting and discuss how individual workers and agencies will deal with these dilemmas. I will also look in the decisions to resolve the dilemmas through the perspectives of different ethical approaches. AC1.1 An Ethical dilemma is a problem without a satisfactory resolution. Nurses can face ethical dilemmas everyday whilst at work in almost any work setting. Ethics involveRead MoreEthics964 Words   |  4 Pageshave a job and know a co-worker is stealing should we tell or not tell? Do we call the police if we know someone is abusing there child or not? In these two examples the ethical choice seems more like common sense, yet some people would do nothing because they do not want to get involved. Where do we draw the line? That’s why we have laws based on ethical principles so that those who decide not to make ethical choices have to face consequences. When people make unethical choices it does not just

Court System of Puerto Rico Free Essays

Puerto Rico had a distinct legal system to that of American legal system till the American solders landed in 1898 . The Puerto Rico’s structure including civil law rules, institutions, procedures and legal culture were undergone important transformation. There is a change in the civil law jurisdiction to the civil law-mixed law and other areas such as legal structures, processes, culture and actors. We will write a custom essay sample on Court System of Puerto Rico or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper examines the current legal system of the Puerto Rico and critically examines 3 states (Virginia Islands, Hawaii and New Jersey) court structures. It also provides the proposal for the court structure of Puerto Rico on par with these 3 states. Brief introduction of Puerto Rico: Puerto Rico is a self-governing commonwealth in association with the United States. The President is USA is the chief of state and elected Governor. It has control over the internal affairs and without the interference of the USA. The major differences between Puerto Rico and the 50 states include exemption from some aspects of the Internal Revenue Code, its lack of voting representation in either house of the U. S congress (Senate and House of Representatives), the ineligibility of Puerto Ricans to vote in presidential elections, and its lack of assignation of some revenue reserved for the states. Judicial system in Puerto Rica is directed by Supreme Court. The Supreme Court is comprised of 7 judges (a chief justice and 6 associate justices) named by the Governor. The structure of Judicial System includes a Court of Appeals, Superior Court, a District Court (Civil Criminal), and Municipal Court. There are 12 judicial districts. The Commonwealth of Puerto Rica also has a district court comparable to those of the state of US. Each district court has a least one district judge and can have more than a score of district judges, as well as a clerk, a United States Attorney, a United States Marshall, one or more United States Magistrates, bankruptcy judges, probation officers, court reporters, and their staff. The federal government, located in San Juan, is represented by 2 district judges and the procurator, who is named by the President of the United States. The Federal court has final authority of the ELA. Distinctive features of the American Judicial System includes the adversary system, the common law system, predefined rules for conducting litigation, reporting of judicial proceedings and the publication of court opinions. There are 94 federal judicial districts, including at least one district in each state, the District of Columbia, the Virgin Islands, Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands and Puerto Rico. The appeal courts take the appeals from the district courts located in the circuit and also from the federal administrative agencies. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the federal judiciary . The judicial system of Puerto Rico is based upon Spanish Law upon which is based the on United States judicial system. The Puerto Rico legal court system includes a district court, a superior court, an appellate court and the Puerto Rico Supreme Court as apex court. Decisions of the Puerto Rico Supreme Court can be appealed to the Federal Court for Puerto Rico and to the U. S. Supreme Court as a lost resort. Hawaii state judicial system features appellate courts and trial courts. Appellate courts include the Hawaii Supreme Court and the Intermediate Court of Appeals and the trial courts include the Circuit, Family and District courts and functions four judicial districts. The judicial system of Virginia Islands consists of the Supreme Court of Virginia, the Court of Appeals of Virginia, the General District Courts and the Circuit Courts . The structure of New Jersey’s court system is very simple featuring Municipal courts, Tax Court, state Superior Court, which includes the trial courts, an Appellate Division and the New Jersey Supreme Court. All the above mentioned court systems such as Hawaii, Virginia islands and New Jersey has different set of court structures . Except in the criminal and constitutional fields, Puerto Rico’s legal system substantially remained that of the Spanish civil law . Puerto Rico state’s highest court: The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico is the highest court of the Puerto Rico, which is analogous to one of the U. S state supreme courts established in San Juan. The ultimate judicial authority lies within Puerto Rico for interpretation and deciding on the question of local commonwealth law. The Constitution and the laws of Puerto Rico determine the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and works similar way to the state Supreme Courts in the United States. It has concurrent jurisdiction to interpret federal laws, unless the Supremacy Clause requires otherwise. The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico used the common law to resolve the private-law issues and later drifted to methodical research integrating the civil law into the civilian context . Comparison of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico with the Virgin Islands, Hawaii and New Jersey’s Supreme Courts. The Supreme Court of Hawaii hears appeals for writs of certiorari to the Intermediate Court of Appeals and applications for transfer from the Intermediate Court of Appeals. It also hears reserved questions of law from the circuit courts, the land court, and the tax appeal court, certified question from the federal courts, applications for writs, complaints on elections and it makes rules of practice and procedures for all state courts, licenses, regulates and disciplines attorneys and judges. The New Jersey Supreme Court composed of a chief justice and six associate justices. It takes up the appeals from the lower courts involving capital cases and cases in which a panel of appellate judges has disagreed. It also hears the cases of great public importance. The Superior Court has broad jurisdiction in addressing the legal needs of the Virgin Islands community. The Court hears all local trial matters including civil, criminal, family, probate, landlord-tenant, small claims and traffic. It also acts as a court of appeals for decisions of all governmental officers and agencies . Puerto Rico’s Appellate Courts: U. S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit is the appellate court for the District of Puerto Rico. The Circuit Court of Appeals established in 1994 sits in San Juan and it is the intermediary level between the courts of first instance and the Supreme Court. With the consent of senate 33 justices were named by the Governor for the Circuit Court of Appeals. Most sittings are held in Boston, but the court sits for two weeks each year in Old San Juan, Puerto Rico and occasionally at other locations within the circuit. First Circuit is the smallest of the thirteen United States courts of appeals Composition of U. S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit is five active (six authorized) and four senior judges. Juan R. Torruella is the chief judge of the Puerto Rico duty station appointed by the Reagan. The established procedure for the eligibility of the Chief Judge is that he must be below the age of 65, serving court actively at least one year and have not served as a Chief Judge earlier. The appellate courts for the other states in comparison are U. S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit for Hawaii. U. S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit for Virgin Islands and U. S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit for New Jersey. The Hawaii appellate courts are comprised of the Supreme Court and the Intermediate Court of Appeals. The Intermediate Court of Appeals of Hawaii hears all appeals from trial courts and state agencies in the State of Hawaii composed of 6 judges. It is having discretionary powers to hear cases without prior suit in civil cases or cases in circuit court or the tax appeal court and also when the parties agreed upon the facts of the controversy. The U. S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit for Virgin Islands composed of 14 active judges. The chief judge should have the same eligibility criteria as if the Puerto Rico has. U. S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit for New Jersey is composed of 14 active judges. Puerto Rico’s Municipal Courts Municipal courts have the jurisdiction to hear minor civil and less serious criminal cases with in the region under the powers conferred by the constitution and the other law . Puerto Rico’s municipal judges, serving for five years, and justices of the peace, in rural areas, decide cases involving local ordinances. Municipal Courts of New Jersey usually has jurisdiction to take cases such as motor vehicle and parking tickets, minor criminal-type offenses, municipal ordinance offenses and other offenses including fish and game violations. Municipal Court judges are usually appointed by the Mayor of the municipality, with the advice and consent of the council, and serve a term of three years and eligibility set by the statute and he should have 5 years of practice experience. The Municipal Court of the Virgin Islands’ was named as the Territorial Court of the Virgin Islands and having jurisdiction over all civil actions and criminal matters. Territorial court is now changed to superior court by means of Bill No. 25-0213. Hawaii does not have Municipal Courts. County and local ordinance and traffic violations are tried in state circuit and district courts. Puerto Rico’s Major Trial Courts: The nine superior courts are the Puerto Rico’s Major trial courts. The term of the superior court judges is 12-years. The superior courts were divided into 13 districts in 2003 and have original jurisdiction of not exceeding $10,000 in civil cases and also in minor criminal cases. District courts also hear preliminary motions in more serious criminal cases . The Hawaii trial courts include the Circuit, Family and District courts. The courts are structured geographically: Puerto Rico constitutes one judicial district and held at Mayaguez, Ponce and San Juan according to United States Code Title 28, Part I, Chapter 5, Sec. 119. The Hawaii appellate courts are comprised of the Supreme Court and the Intermediate Court of Appeals. The trial courts include the Circuit, Family and District courts. The Virginia’s court structure has District Court, at the lowest level, to the Supreme Court at the highest level. The Circuit Courts is at the second lowest level, and the Court of Appeals at the next level. The Chief Justice and the Supreme Court will function as the administrative body for the entire Virginia court system. Structure of New Jersey’s court system is the simplest in among all the court structures. Municipal courts, Tax Court, state Superior Court, which includes the trial courts, an Appellate Division and the New Jersey Supreme Court are the basic type of the courts. Judges appointment: Justices for The Supreme Court, The Appellate Court, The Court of First Instance (composing of Superior Court and Municipal Court) appointed by the Governor of Puerto Rico with the consent (majority vote) of the Senate and retires at the age of 70. The Circuit Court of Appeals includes 33 justices. Justices and judges in US are appointed under the Article III of the constitution by the president of the US with the majority vote of senate for life time . Judicial and Attorney ethical standards The Code of Conduct for United States Judges According to the code of conduct duties of judge are 1. Upholding the integrity and independence of the judiciary. 2. Avoiding impropriety and the appearance of impropriety in all activities. 3. Performing the duties of the office impartially and diligently. 4. Carrying out extrajudicial activities for improving the legal system and the administration of justice. 5. Regulating extrajudicial activities to minimize the risk of conflict with judicial duties. 6. Regularly filing reports of compensation received for law-related and extra-judicial activities. 7. Refraining from political activity . Attorney ethical standards 28 C. F. R. PART 77—ETHICAL STANDARDS FOR ATTORNEYS FOR THE GOVERNMENT The Department of Justice makes sure that its attorneys perform their duties in accordance with the highest ethical standards through implementing 28 U. S. C. 530B and guide attorneys concerning the guidelines imposed on Department attorneys by 28 U. S. C. 530B. Conclusion: The Puerto Rico courts and legal structure had under gone a drastic transformation under the U. S rule. Now it has its own court structure with some limitations. In spite of very simple court system the New Jersey’s legal system is effective. Two step appellate review process in Virginia court system is also a good for the better scrutiny of the case . The courts systems of Hawaii, Virginia Islands and New Jersey have a good court structure and can be ideal for the court structure of Puerto Rico. Reference: 1. Carlos R. Soltero, (2006) Latinos and American law: landmark Supreme Court cases, University of Texas Press. 2. William Miller, (2006), Evolving Internet reference resources, Haworth Press. 3. Virginia Courts†. Virginia Judicial System. 2008. Retrieved on 2008-03-04. http://www. courts. state. va. us/courts/courts. html 4. State Court Caseload Statistics, 2003, Retrieved from http://www. ncsconline. org/D_Research/csp/2003_Files/2003_SCCS_Charts1. pdf 5. Juan R. Torruella, (1985), The Supreme Court and Puerto Rico: The Doctrine of Separate and Unequal, Editorial UPR. 6. Vernon V. Palmer, (2001), Mixed jurisdictions worldwide: the third legal family, Cambridge University Press. 7. SUPERIOR COURT OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS, Division of St. Thomas/St. John, Retrieved on April 2, 2009, http://www. visuperiorcourt. org/ 8. Timothy F. Fautsko, (2003), Workload assessment model for the Puerto Rico municipal court, Retrived on April,2. http://contentdm. ncsconline. org/cgi-bin/showfile. exe? CISOROOT=/spctsCISOPTR=105 98. Puerto Rico – Judicial system, (2007), Advameg, Inc. Retrieved on April 2, 2009, http://www. city-data. com/states/Puerto-Rico-Judicial-system. html 10. Leonidas Ralph Mecham, The Federal Court System, in the United States, Retrieved from http://www. uscourts. gov/library/internationalbook-fedcts2. pdf 11. Leonidas Ralph Mecham, The Federal court system in the United States, Retrieved form http://www. uscourts. gov/library/internationalbook-fedcts2. pdf 12. Order No. 2216–99, 64 FR 19275, Apr. 20, 1999. 13. Marie Wayson (2008), Virginia Court System: Function and Purpose, Retived on April 2, 2009, http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/724285/virginia_court_system_function_and. html How to cite Court System of Puerto Rico, Papers

Police Brutality Essay Summary Example For Students

Police Brutality Essay Summary Racism and police brutality goes hand in hand, and causes a major concern in todays society, in the United States. On March 3, 1991 in California, Rodney King an African American, was pulled over after a high-speed chase, and after stopping was beaten by four white police officers (Worsnop 635). Tracy Brock also an African American was arrested in Manhattan in November of 1986. An officer smashed his head through a plate glass window, when Brock refused to go into the officers lunchroom (Police Brutality and Excessive Force in the New York City Police Department 14). Ki Tae Kim a Korean grocer was assaulted when he was accused of passing a counterfeit bill. He was punched in the face, his head was slammed into the counter, and the officer also subjected him to racial slurs (Police Brutality and Excessive Force in the New York City Police Department 17). Marcos Maldonado a Latino grocer was mistaken for a suspect after an armed robbery to his store. He was handcuffed, thrown to the fl oor, repeatedly kicked, and beaten with the officers nightstick (Police Brutality and Excessive Force in the New York City Police Department 17). Abner Louima a Haitian immigrant was arrested outside a dance club in Brooklyn, and was brutally assaulted when he arrived at the police station. Volpe a long time police officer was accused of shoving a plunger into Louimas rectum so far that his bladder and intestines were lacerated. Then he shoved the plunger into Louimas mouth and broke his teeth (Steinback 8). These are just a few examples of the people who were affected of police brutality, and racism. There are five stages through which force can progress and lead to brutality: Verbal persuasion, unarmed physical force, force using non-lethal weapons, force using impact weapons and deadly force, which most of the officers mentioned before fell into this stage. The deadly force stage is only to be used only when an officers life or another persons life is in danger. The deadly force stage should be terminated, if not made illegal in the United States. By having the ?deadly force? stage, by law you are permitting someone to commit a murder, and basically saying that it is just. In many of the cases stated before these guidelines were violated, and stronger action was used on the citizen than necessary. The officers who were accused in these cases were charged with only minor offenses, and some were charged with nothing at all. Stronger action should have been enforced on the police officers that committed these crimes. All of these victims mentioned are from minority groups, and were harmed by white New York City police officers. In less than four years fifty -five people have died while in being in police custody, in the New York City Police Department (Police Brutality and Excessive Force in the New York City Police Department 8). This number compared to earlier statistics seems to be low, but still seems extremely high, for the rules and regulations the offic ers are supposed to be following. Should the Federal Government increase the punishment on law enforcement officials who brutally hurt citizens that are in custody, or under arrest?Many law enforcement officials appear to have a tough exterior towards crime, but are very sensitive to crime on the inside. Police officers build up negative feelings towards certain races, sexes, or religions. Officers tend to get the impression that if one or a few people treat them with disrespect, than other people of that same sex, race, or religion will treat the officer in the same way. It is has proven that less than five percent of all cops are the ?bad element,? but if they other ninety five percent stand around and do nothing, then that is where the real problem lies (Worsnop 636). Another cause of police brutality and misconduct is the amount of stress that is put upon the law enforcement official. According to Robert Scully who is the president of the National Association of Police Organizat ions in Detroit, ?There obviously has to be some kind of stress factor at work in brutality cases because stress is an inherent part of policing.?(Worsnop 636). A survey done by the Washington Post exposed a comparable local pattern of the sixty one police misconduct cases heard in 1990 by the District of Columbia Civilian Complaint review board. It has been discovered that excessive force was used only in eighteen out of the sixty-one cases that were reported. It has also been found that judges and juries side with police officers and not with the citizen. (Police Brutality and Excessive Force in the New York City Police Department 7). The Fall of the House of Usher: Imagery and Parall EssayPolice Brutality in the United States and around the world needs to be totally abolished to protect the citizens, and the police officers.